{"name":"Bitcoin: \nA Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System \nSatoshi Nakamoto\nOctober 31, 2008\n\nAbstract\nA purely peer-to-peer version of electronic cash would allow online payments to be sent directly from one party to another without going through a financial institution. Digital signatures provide part of the solution, but the main benefits are lost if a trusted third party is still required to prevent double-spending. We propose a solution to the double-spending problem using a peer-to-peer network. The netw